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Bounce around with the Red Ball 4 - Volume 1 game if you enjoy a good platformer! Step inside a sunny garden and meet the red balls! They used to live together in harmony until the evil squares came in!
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The enemies are trying to convert all the balls into squares. Naturally, this would be a disaster! You can come to their rescue if you agree to play the role of a little red ball. Can you save the day?
The gameplay is quite simple. Use the Left and Right Arrows to make the red ball roll around the scene. If you want to jump, just press the Up Arrow or the Space Bar. I'm sure you'll get the hang of it in no time!
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Red Ball Adventure 4: Big Ball Volume 1 is the first chapter of the hit Red Big Ball 4 series. Evil minions want to squeeze the planet into a square shape. And Red ball 's here to rescue the world. Roll and jump your way through a deadly factory, defeating enemies and avoiding deadly laser beams in the process. Have you got what it takes to save the world from turning square?Roll, jump, and bounce the red ball through a mechanical wasteland! Your mission is to collect stars while conquering all of the evil squares. Certain zones feature deadly moving lasers. Roll with ultimate precision to advance through each area safely! How to play Red Ball Adventure 4: Big Ball Volume 1:
is a web platform with thousands of users from around the world. The six main series games, the three red & blue balls games, and three other selections are available, with all of the levels unlocked. Only playable on desktop. More Information
Costumes are costumes Red Ball/the player earns in each achievement, with the exception of Regular Red Ball, Golden Ball, and Tomato Ball. Earn the related achievements for your costumes like Black Ball and Basketball.
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Download Red Ball 4 on PC with BlueStacks and get ready to save the world (again) as Red Ball, the plucky crimson hero who has, time and again, rolled and bounced his way to victory against the forces of evil. This time, Red Ball has been tasked with thwarting the dastardly, devilish plans of a new big baddie who wants to smoosh the beautiful blue ball that we call Earth into a cube.
LEC diagram for the no-island run. Energies are given in zettajoules (1 ZJ = 1021 J) and exajoules (1 EJ = 1018 J), while the source, conversion, and dissipation terms are given in gigawatts (1 GW = 109 W) and megawatts (1 MW = 106 W). The vertical component of the conversion between the kinetic energy of the eddies and the mean flow C(KE, KM)Ï… is shown in green. Note that the time rate of change of the mean potential energy (PM)t is included in the budget as it is not negligible. The results were multiplied by the ratio of the present-day ocean volume and the equatorial sector ocean volume considered here (29.83) to allow an easier comparison with the present-day LEC given (e.g., von Storch et al. 2012).
Previous studies of snowball ocean that employed oceanic general circulation models (GCMs) have investigated the role of ocean dynamics in the initiation of snowball events (Poulsen et al. 2001, 2002; Poulsen and Jacob 2004; Sohl and Chandler 2007) as well as snowball dynamics when oceanic feedbacks are taken into account (e.g., Le-Hir et al. 2007; Marotzke and Botzet 2007; Abbot et al. 2011). Ferreira et al. (2011) showed, in a transient simulation of an ocean not in a steady state under 200 m of ice and without geothermal forcing, that the snowball ocean would have been well mixed and characterized by a significant equator-to-pole meridional circulation due to parameterized eddies. Yet geothermal heating at the bottom ocean was not included in the above studies, and they, therefore, could not calculate the steady-state ocean response [for geothermal effects not in the context of snowball ocean, see Adcroft et al. (2001), Scott et al. (2001), and Mashayek et al. (2013)]. Moreover, none were run at a resolution that allowed eddies and instabilities to develop (apart from a short discussion in A13), and none addressed the variability issues that are the focus of the present work.
The goals of the present paper are to 1) uncover the instability mechanisms associated with the turbulent behavior briefly reported in A13, 2) analyze the Lorenz energy cycle (LEC; Lorenz 1955; Oort and Peixoto 1983; Peixoto and Oort 1992; von Storch et al. 2012) to understand the energy sources and sinks for the snowball ocean and to better understand the underlying instability mechanisms, 3) analyze the dramatic EMOC variability seen under these conditions due to the interaction of the geothermal heating and the ice cover that has not been addressed previously, and 4) estimate the eddy mixing rates associated with this turbulent behavior.
The paper is organized as follows. We first describe the model and setup (section 2). Then we describe the results of the simulations (section 3) and discuss different instability mechanisms and the LEC for the simulated snowball ocean (section 4). Eddy viscosity and diffusion coefficients are estimated (section 5), and we end with a summary and discussion (section 6).
One expects to find most landmasses near the equator during snowball events (Kirschvink 1992; Li et al. 2008). To study the effect of land on the ocean dynamics, and in particular on the equatorial jets anticipated by the coarser-resolution runs, we accordingly prescribe, in some experiments, a circular continent at the equator whose radius is 5.5. We refer below to this experiment as the island experiment. We have also studied the ocean circulation without the circular island (referred to below as the no-island experiment).
Ice thickness is of interest because of its role in the survival of photosynthetic life during snowball events. Melting as a result of ocean circulation has been either neglected in previous studies or calculated without considering detailed ocean dynamics (e.g., Goodman and Pierrehumbert 2003; Pollard and Kasting 2005). We find regions of enhanced melting northwest of the island (Fig. 3a, indicated by a rectangle). The maximum melting rate is even larger than that previously reported by A13, based on a smaller-domain and a shorter-integration eddy-resolving run, and is an order of magnitude larger than those previously calculated by coarser-resolution models (Goodman and Pierrehumbert 2003; Pollard and Kasting 2005; A13; A14). The maximum melting rates are associated with warmer under-ice temperatures due to a narrow coastal warm water upwelling zone enabled by the high-resolution configuration. The ocean is salt stratified in this region as a result of the surface ice melting, and the deep ocean is warmed by the geothermal heat flux there. The upwelling of this slightly warmer deep water leads to the very high melt rates. The upwelling results from a jet flowing in the upper ocean away from the continent and an eastward jet toward the continent in the deep ocean (Fig. 3c). Because the stratification is weak, the zonal jet away from the coast can lead to upwelling rather than to a compensating alongshore horizontal circulation, and hence to the enhanced melting. A similar but smaller melting signal is seen southeast of the continent; the melt rate is much lower in other regions. While this melting rate is higher than previous estimates, an application of the model of Tziperman et al. (2012) shows that ice flow driven by the thickness gradients formed by the melting would efficiently prevent the formation of open water.
The LEC diagram based on a 160-yr model integration, amounting to two EMOC oscillations of the no-island run, is shown in Fig. 10. When making comparisons with the present-day ocean, we scale our results (Fig. 10) by the volume ratio between our regional equatorial domain and the global present-day ocean volume (a factor of 30). This is intended to allow a more meaningful comparison with the total energy conversions in the present-day ocean, yet it also introduces two issues that are important to keep in mind: 1) the global snowball ocean is only half the volume of the modern ocean, and 2) the equatorial domain we simulate, with its multiple jets, is likely more energetic than the high-latitude snowball ocean. One also wonders about the validity of the APE concept when much of the ocean is characterized by nearly vertically uniform temperature and salinity, but a back-of-the-envelope calculation demonstrates that the approximation is still useful (appendix C).